Maximum power transfer theorem: If the internal impedance of the source is not a pure resistance

Dear Students,

        This session is focused on the conduct of online class for S5 CBCSS physics in the topic maximum power transfer theorem in the case of non-ohmic resistance networks which is included in the revised 2018 syllabus under PY1543 course (Electronics) for University of Kerala.

For better view of the scripted slides below, click on each images. The recorded video class and the full PDF of the lecture notes are provided in links posted at the end.

For recorded video class, CLICK HERE

For downloading full PDF, CLICK HERE

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Regards.....

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Magnetic susceptibility and permeability

Online class for complementary physics for Chemistry , S3

The ratio of magnetization (M) to magnetic field intensity (H) is a constant and in general the ratio is called magnetic susceptibility. 

It is a measure of how susceptible the material is, towards the polarization by applied field. It is characteristic of the material and is denoted by Chi (m). It is infact the volume susceptibility.

The volume susceptibility is positive for paramagnetic and negative for diamagnetic materials. In both cases, the magnitude is less than one. Susceptibility of a paramagnetic material decreases with increasing temperature as per the relationship:

Combining equation (1) with the relation connecting three magnetic vectors, we arrive at the following expression.

For diamagnetic materials, the relative permeability is slightly less than unity and for paramagnetic materials it is slightly greater than unity. Thus, for diamagnets, M and H are antiparallel (think how it is ?), and for paramagnets, M and H are parallel ( also think about this case). 

Permeability is thus the measure of the degree of penetration of magnetic field through the substance.

For recorded video class, CLICK HERE

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Regards......

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Maximum Power transfer theorem

For CBCSS S5 Core physics 2018 syllabus revision, University of Kerala.

Course: PY 1543, Electronics.

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The theorem states that the maximum power will be delivered to the load when the load resistance is equal to the internal resistance of the network delivering the power.

Consider a two terminal network represented by its equivalent Thevenin's circuit as shown in figure 1.

According to Joules law, the power delivered to the load resistance is:

From equation (1b), it is clear that the power generated in the load will be maximum, when the internal resistance is minimum. When R=0, 

From equation (2), it is evident that P is smaller than P(Max). From equation (1a), it is apparent that, power in the load is zero, if the load resistance R(L) is very small. Also, from equation 1(b), it very clear that the power in the load is also zero, when R(L) is very large. 

Thus there must have an optimum value for load resistance ,R(L) for which power delivered in the load will be maximum.

Thus for finding this optimum value for maximum power transfer, we need to differentiate equation 1(b) with respect to R(L) and equate the result to zero. Thus we get:

Thus the theorem is proved. That is, for maximum power to be delivered to the load, the load resistance should match with the internal resistance of the circuit. If a graph is plotted between the load power and the R/R(L), the curve so obtained is shown in figure (2).

Efficiency

If the source power is P(s) and the maximum power delivered is P(max), then the efficiency is P(max)/P(s). It can be shown that efficiency of a network is 50%.

This means that half the power is lost with internal resistance of the network.

For recorded video class of the topic, please CLICK HERE

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The three electric vectors (E, P & D)

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Online class for CBCSS S3 Physics core 

On 15/06/2020 at 8.30 am to 9.30 am.

Dear Students,

The topic, three electric vectors is the part of revised 2018 CBCSS physics syllabus of University of Kerala, which is included Unit 2 (Electrostatic fields in matter) of PY 1341 course entitled Electrodynamics.

The audio class in Malayalam and the full PDF of the scripted lecture are provided at the end!!

For the better view of the scripted lectures, please click on the images below, one by one.

#IMPORTANT LINKS

For downloading audio class, CLICK HERE

For downloading the full PDF, CLICK HERE

Thanks for visiting

Regards....

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The three magnetic vectors (B, H & M)

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Dear Students

  Good morning! Here I am posting the scripted lecture on the topic Three magnetic vectors (B, H & M). it is the topic included in first module (magnetism) of  unit 2 in paper.

For better view of the scripts, click on the below images one by one.

For downloading the full PDF, click here!

Regards...

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Norton's theorem

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Dear students

In continuation with the conduct of online classes under SARS Cov 2 (Covid 19) pandemic situation, I am posting here the scripted lecture on Norton's theorem which is part of the topics included in the unit 1 (Circuit analysis) of PY1543 course, namely, Electronics, as mentioned in the 2018 syllabus revision for CBCSS S5 Physics, Kerala University. 

Thevenin's theorem ൽ നിന്നും വ്യത്യസ്തമായി Norton's theorem ഉപയോഗിച്ച് complex circuit analysis നടത്തുമ്പോൾ മനസ്സിലാകുന്ന പ്രകടമായ ഒരു വ്യത്യാസം, ലളിതവൽക്കരിക്കപ്പെട്ട Norton's equivalent Circuit ഒരു current source അഥവാ current generator circuit ആണ് എന്നതാണ് ! എന്നാൽ, രണ്ടു തിയറമുകളും നൽകുന്ന റിസൾട്ട് ഒരേ പോലെ ആകും! 

Norton's theorem ഉപയോഗിച്ച് complex Circuit analysis നടത്തുമ്പോൾ ആവശ്യമായി വരുന്ന രണ്ട് പ്രധാന parameters ആണ്, I' അഥവാ magnitude of current source in the equivalent Norton's circuit ഉം , അതേ പോലെ Z' അഥവാ shunt impedance in the equivalent Norton's circuit. ഈ രണ്ട് parameters ഉം കണക്കാക്കുന്നതിനുള്ള സമവാക്യങ്ങൾ നിർദ്ധാരണം ചെയ്തെടുക്കുന്ന പ്രക്രീയയാണ് ഇവിടെ പ്രധാനമായും പരാമർശ വിധേയമാക്കിയിട്ടുള്ളത്.

ഇവ രണ്ടും ലഭ്യമായാൽ തന്നിട്ടുള്ള complex Circuit ന്റ ഔട്ട്പുട്ട് ലോഡ് കറണ്ട് (out put load current) ഔട്ട്പുട്ട് ലോഡ് പവർ (out put load power) എന്നിവ എളുപ്പത്തിൽ കണ്ടു പിടിയ്ക്കാൻ സാധിയ്ക്കും. അതിനും സമവാക്യങ്ങൾ ഉണ്ട്.

തുടർന്നുള്ള സ്ക്രിപ്റ്റുകളിൽ ഈ പറഞ്ഞ കാര്യങ്ങൾ കൂടുതൽ വിശദമാക്കിയിട്ടുണ്ട്.

For the better view of the scripted lecture, click on the below posted images one by one.

For downloading the full PDF, click here

Thanks for visiting!!

Regards.....

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